A journey of transformation, pregnancy brings with it a host of physiological changes. Amidst the joy and anticipation, some women encounter an additional challenge: gestational diabetes. This condition, characterized by high blood sugar levels during pregnancy, requires a closer look to understand its origins. In this comprehensive blog, we delve into the reasons behind the occurrence of gestational diabetes, the factors that contribute to its development, and the implications for both mother and child.
What is meant by gestational diabetes?
When a woman’s blood sugar levels rise too high during pregnancy, a woman can develop gestational diabetes (GD). Midway through a pregnancy, between weeks 24 and 28, GD usually first appears.
If you get GD, it’s not a given that you had diabetes before getting pregnant. Pregnancy is the primary cause for the onset of gestational diabetes.
What are the primary signs and symptoms of gestational diabetes?
Gestational diabetes does not usually cause any symptoms like other medical conditions. Although you can notice certain common signs of diabetes in pregnancy in pregnancy can include:
- Increased thirst
- Frequent urination
- Constant fatigue
- Nausea
In case you are noticing any of these signs, reach out to the best diabetologist in Coimbatore to seek immediate help to have a healthy diet
Who can get gestational diabetes?
Generally gestational diabetes can occur in any woman who is pregnant. Although there are various risk factors that might contribute to gestational diabetes, the most common ones include:
- High blood pressure
- Obesity
- Family genetics
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Any heart-related disorders
What are the common causes of gestational diabetes that occur during pregnancy?
The physiology of pregnancy:
A woman’s body experiences incredible changes during pregnancy in order to support the growth and development of the unborn child. Hormones play a crucial role in orchestrating these changes, and some of these hormonal shifts can impact insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. As the placenta grows, it produces hormones that can interfere with insulin’s effectiveness, leading to a condition known as insulin resistance.
Insulin resistance during pregnancy:
Insulin resistance occurs when the body’s cells become less responsive to the effects of insulin. In a normal pregnancy, the body compensates for this resistance by producing more insulin. However, in some cases, this compensation is insufficient, resulting in elevated blood sugar levels. This is a key factor in the development of gestational diabetes in pregnancy .The placental hormones, such as human placental lactogen, cortisol, and progesterone, contribute to insulin resistance, creating a delicate balance that, when disrupted, can lead to glucose intolerance.
The role of genetics:
Genetics can also play a role in the development of gestational diabetes. If a woman has a family history of diabetes or is genetically predisposed to insulin resistance, her likelihood of developing gestational diabetes may be higher. Understanding one’s family medical history becomes crucial in identifying potential risk factors and implementing proactive measures during pregnancy.
Obesity during pregnancy:
One known risk factor for gestational diabetes is obesity. Excess body weight, particularly an accumulation of fat around the abdomen, can contribute to insulin resistance. As the prevalence of obesity rises, so does the incidence of gestational diabetes.
Age during pregnancy:
While pregnancy is possible at any age, advanced maternal age (typically considered to be 35 years and older) is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes. Older women may experience changes in their metabolism and hormonal balance, contributing to insulin resistance. Additionally, older women are more likely to have other risk factors such as obesity and a family history of diabetes.
Previous history of gestational diabetes:
Having experienced gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy increases the risk of developing it in subsequent pregnancies. This recurrence pattern emphasizes the importance of ongoing monitoring and proactive management for women with a history of gestational diabetes.
What happens if gestational diabetes is not controlled?
Gestational diabetes needs to be carefully managed as it can lead to various health concerns. The common complications of gestational diabetes in pregnancy can include:
Excessive weight of baby:
An excessively large baby can result from blood sugar levels that are higher than normal. A heavy baby can lead to various complications during a normal birth.
Preterm birth:
An early labor and delivery before the due date may be more likely in people with high blood sugar. Or, given the size of the baby, an early delivery may be advised.
Breathing difficulties:
Breathing difficulties are associated with respiratory distress syndrome in babies born prematurely.
What are the tips to prevent gestational diabetes and have a healthy pregnancy?
While the factors contributing to gestational diabetes may seem complex, there are proactive steps women can take to reduce their risk and manage the condition effectively:
Regular prenatal checkup:
Early and consistent prenatal care is crucial for monitoring blood sugar levels, identifying risk factors, and implementing timely interventions. Healthcare providers can tailor health checkups based on individual needs.
Balanced nutrition:
Adopting a well-balanced gestational diabetes diet that prioritizes whole foods, lean proteins, complex carbohydrates, and healthy fats helps regulate blood sugar levels. Monitoring carbohydrate intake and choosing nutrient-dense options contribute to better glucose control.
Postpartum follow up:
The management of gestational diabetes extends beyond delivery. Postpartum follow-up appointments allow healthcare providers to assess the mother’s glucose levels, provide support for lifestyle changes, and monitor for the development of type 2 diabetes.
Important Takeaway:
Gestational diabetes, while posing challenges during pregnancy, is a condition that can be managed with informed care and proactive measures. Understanding the intricate interplay of hormonal, genetic, and lifestyle factors provides a foundation for effective prevention and management strategies. Reach out to the best diabetic hospital in Coimbatore if you are facing gestational diabetes during pregnancy.
